The Fluidity Of Cloning Gender Norms Racial Bias

Alex R Biology The Fluidity of Cloning . Gender Norms Racial Bias in the Study of the Modern Cloning The sea anemone undergoing cloning thumb]] In biology, cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells, or organisms. The term also refers to the production of multiple copies of a product such as digital media or software. Molecular cloning Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple molecules. Cloning is commonly used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but it can also†¦show more content†¦However, a number of other features are needed and a variety of specialised cloning vectors exist that allow protein expression, tagging, single stranded RNA and DNA production and a host of other manipulations. Cloning of any DNA fragment essentially involves four steps # fragmentation - breaking apart a strand of DNA # ligation - gluing together pieces of DNA in a desired sequence # transfection - inserting the newly formed pieces of DNA into cells # screening/selection - selecting out the cells that were successfully transfected with the new DNA Although these steps are invariable among cloning procedures a number of alternative routes can be selected; these are summarized as a cloning strategy. Initially, the DNA of interest needs to be isolated to provide a DNA segment of suitable size. Subsequently, a ligation procedure is used where the amplified fragment is inserted into a vector . The vector is linearised using restriction enzymes, and incubated with the fragment of interest under appropriate conditions with an enzyme called DNA ligase. Following ligation the vector with the insert of interest is transfected into cells. A number of alternative techniques are available, such as chemical sensitivation of cells, electroporation, optical injection and biolistics. Finally, the transfected cells are cultured. As the aforementioned procedures are of particularly low efficiency, there is a need to

Essay on A Matter of Safety School Shootings - 698 Words

Thirteen people were killed at Columbine High School in 1999, thirty-three died during the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007, and twenty-seven people, twenty of whom were children no older than seven, were killed at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012 (Kirk). These name only a few of the larger and most well-known school shooting incidences. In total, 297 people have lost their lives due to school-based shootings since 1980 (Kirk). Although this number may be small in comparison to death by guns overall, these instances are completely unwarranted and it is likely that they could have been avoided or at the very least reduced. These people, college and high school students, teachers, and even children, might still be alive today if our†¦show more content†¦Another solution would be the training and arming of teachers, allowing those willing to protect their students to have a means to do so. This likely could have saved the life of Victoria Soto, a brave but unarmed 27 year old teacher who hid her students and then told the Sandy Hook Elementary School gunman that they were in the gym before she, with no means by which to protect herself, was killed. Supposed â€Å"gun free zones† are not limited only to schools. Twelve people were killed and many others were injured in the Aurora, Colorado theater shooting this past year. It has been suggested that the shooter may have targeted this particular theater, which was not the closest to his home, specifically because unlike others in the area they had a no-gun policy and he knew the movie-goers would be unarmed (Lott). In the New York Times article â€Å"Colleges Become Major Front in Fight Over Carrying Guns† Students for Concealed Carry spokesman David Burnett is quoted as saying â€Å"If you had asked students the morning of the Virginia Tech shooting if they feel safe, I’m almost positive all of them would have said yes, but just a couple of hours later, those students found out that feeling safe is not the same as being safe,† suggesting that this feeling ofShow MoreRelatedThe School Shooting : The Doors, Hide And Wait, By Virginia Tech, And Columbine1260 Words   |  6 Pages Classroom intercoms blare on without warning, â€Å"Shelter in place!† is yelled clearly throughout the school building. Doors ae locked and lights are turned off, your teacher rushes you and your classmates to a corner in complete silence. You as a student truly don’t know if you and your friends are safe in this moment. This is a school shooting. 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This heinous crime is America’s deadliest mass shooting at a grade school and the fourth-deadliest mass shooting by a single person. Throughout the country, American citizens were mournful and regretful as media outlets released the details of what transpired. Police investigators, media reporters, and American citizens were left wondering how could this have happened and how could we haveRead MoreThe Importance Of Gun Control On College Campus1119 Words   |  5 Pagesand mass shootings has been higher than ever. Yet, the new agreement has been guns on campuses where gun activists have been successful in legalizing firearms for students and faculty on college campus throughout America. These gun laws allow students age twenty one and older and faculty to be given training and carry a firearm and concealed weapons on a college campus. The laws differ depending on the state, some allow firearms everywhere and some have restrictions. However, all schools must have

Change Program and Map The Problems †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Change Program and Map The Problems. Answer: Conduct the diagnoses of change that led King Edgar Hospital NHS Trust to launch an organizational change program and map the problems. The industrial revolution have led to the advancement of the world and has greatly contributed to the ongoing growth as well as development. As a result of the unique 4th Industrial Revolution, the government had mounted massive pressure for Hospitals to improve their services while reducing the duplication. This forced the three Hospitals to merge and subsequently formed the King Edgar Hospitals Trust. The Trust received massive negative media coverage as a result of its waiting list challenges alongside thirty pound million financial deficit. The Trusts credibility plunged deeper and this occasioned the need for change management. The identified problems facing the Trust then included surged trolley waits for the patients in both AE (Accident and Emergency) department, bottlenecks in medical admission ward, higher rates of admission, patient put on wrong wards, surged durations of stays, discharge delays, poor relationships with social services as well as surged patient complaints. The King Edgar Hospital NHS Trust was never left behind due to these change especially the 4th industrial revolution that has been increasingly contributing as well as challenging the norm. The revolution is never merely about smart and associated machines alongside ecosystem, it is instead a fusion of both and their respective interactions crossways the digital, biological as well as physical domains which make it fundamentally distinct from the predecessors. This implies that industries including the King Edgar Hospital NHS Trust must find novel forms of operating their businesses. This has subsequently led to the Hospital need for a major transformational change crossways the industry. This is because the Healthcare Industry is amongst the most critical to the 4th Revolution and this challenged with complexities of propelling key transformational change. King Edgar Hospital was as a result marred with financial crises, hurdles meeting the government waiting list targets as well as negative media coverage. The hospital was thus propelled to launch an organizational change program against this backdrop of a genuine crisis. It adopted the end-to-end chain which meant from the admission to discharge being the focal point earmarked for change. The change was thus meant to be the novel norm as the healthcare sector copes with the effects of the 4th industrial revolution. After deliberations on the issues identified above, it was apparent that many problems were related to inefficient patient processing that bared the capability of the Trust to decrease their waiting list. Provided the governing scrutiny of long waiting list, alongside resulting autonomy repercussions for the Trust, sorting out such capacity as well as throughout challenges became a top notch priority. The Trust realized that someone had to drive and accept accountability of the Trust to enhance the performance of the admission-to-discharge chain besides the turnaround strategy. The CEO of the Trust then asked the executive director of nursing (Tracey Burn) to take lead. Burns was aware of each problem. Albeit her roles and responsibilities were wholly managerial, she was never a stranger to hands-on-nursing, as she knew that the Trust beds were frequently blocked by patients that were medically stable yet had nowhere else to leave for like nursing home. She thus welcomed the opportun ity for two key reason. One reason was the professional caregiver gut response to an unacceptable condition as she thrived to place herself in the position of the patient having spent up twelve hours on the trolley in the AE department when one has had nothing to eat or even drink and one has likely got the sore bottom due to one being laid on the tiny and little thin mattress without dignity. For her, it was all about saying that the Trust could make a change to that menace then by merely moving certain of systems. Her second reason was that past patient viewpoint, Tracey saw the opportunity to expand her role of nurses in the environment marred with medical profession. She therefore wished to attempt to boost the voice of nursing and illustrate that nurses could contribute immensely to the agenda. Thus empowering nurses could assist recruit as well as retain additional nurses in what had turned out to be a very tight labor market. With the extra potential to relieve the waiting li st, the change project was a high stakes undertaking on each angle. She thus saw the opportunity to introduce a systemic approach to the discharge of patients which would start at the pre-admission phase and hence nurtured plans to usher in nurse-led discharges that imply the nurse assuming the responsibility from specialist physicians to make the ultimate decision for patient discharge. However, the major problem is that Trust never benefited from the governments option of pouring in additional resources to meet its targets as it was even already cash-trap. The Trusts option was to only work to meet its targets as best it was possible with its own existing resources. This goal thereby gave rise to expedient measures which generated hurdles downstream as they patient had to wait almost 12 hours leading increased pressure being mounted on medical admission ward to assign the patients to a ward-to evade violation of 12-hour ruling. This implied that the patient could be dispatched to wherever there was a free bed. Characteristically, such wrong assignments surged the duration of stay among patients since they would never be seen any relevant specialist, who undertook their respective rounds on other wards. The target pressures also distorted clinical priorities as patient were sent home early and had to be rushed back to the hospital for re-admissions. Aware of such a risk, Tracey knew the Trust would have to increasingly monitor their re-admission patterns very closely. There were various solutions implemented by the Trust in answer to the discharge problems. Discuss the main solutions. A golden bullets performance objectives were introduced by the Chief Executive in 2003. It entailed an energetic investment in the improvement as well as overhauling the discharge performance of the Trust. Tracey secured a pledge that where nursing took responsibility for discharge planning, matrons would be relieved of their onerous bedmanagement duties that would be then taken up by general management. Supported by her firm mandate from the top, Tracey organized the workshop on the improvement of process of discharge inviting the whole body of matrons each being in charge of a cohort of wards and 20 out of 22 attended. A reduced duties became effective from July. The Hospital engaged in effective discharge planning. They undertook this initiative and it benefited the Hospital greatly. It was successful because the lead matron had in past been the link between the hospital and matron for matters relating to discharge. Helen build on her experience and within few weeks following her first matrons workshop, she was already producing a report that clearly highlighted the scope of the initiative for ward sisters as well as nurses (Hayes 2014). Her report emphasized that it remained a key preference for Trust and that discharge planning began from point a patient was admitted. Several preliminary measures that had been undertaken already were documented in the report. The report further encouraged the ward staff to make better use of discharge lounge, while matrons were given 30-day reports about the utilization of lounge by various ward areas. Hellen further created a cartoon posters marred with golden bullets that clearly showed how discharge pla nning fit into the overal priorities of the Trust. Hellen shared such posters with all ward sisters that reported to Hellen and asked them to display posters to enable the staff to become familiar with their contents. Even the sisters that never went to Hellen contacted her for them and under mere two weeks the posters were displayed on each ward in Hospital. Hellen and newly appointed Discharge Manager were acknowledging the first full-day workshop for the promotion of ownership of discharge planning to make sure that all the staff sisters understood their respective pivotal roles in the process. These initiatives were mostly focused on working smarter than harder. The workshops were also opened to medics, therapist and social thereby raising their awareness of salient issues as a joint problem. Using one of the models of change discussed in class, explain in detail the change process that took place at the hospital led by the Director of Nursing and her team. The Lewinschange management model will be used in explaining the change process which occurred at the hospital led by Director of Nursing (Tracey Burns). This model views a change a familiar thread which runs via all businesses irrespective of size, age or industry. The world is changing rapidly and firms must change even more rapid as well. Organizations which handle change well thrive, whereas those which do not struggle to survive. This model views change as a process with separate stages and hence helps prepare one for what is coming and making a plan to manage a transition as Burns did in this case (Doppelt 2017). This model begins a successful change process by understanding why the change has to take place as Burns took her time to understand this. As put by Lewin assert it motivation for change has to be generated before change can take place One has to be assisted to re-examine various cherished assumptions regarding oneself as well as ones relations to other people. This is referred to as unfreezing phase from where the change starts. According to Lewins Unfreeze is the first phase of change that entails organization being prepared to accept that the change is essential as we saw Burns doing by explaining the purpose of the change and why it was needed in her various meetings with matrons and we saw the matrons accepting when she explained the cuts on roles. Burns used this phase as required by Lewin and developed a compelling message that indicated why the prevailing way of doing things were bad and could not continue (Goetsch and Davis 2014). The second phase is to change itself. Once the uncertainty has been created in the unfreeze stage, change stage is the point at which individuals start to resolve their uncertainty as well as look for novel ways of doing thigs. We saw Burns relieving the matrons their duties and making the nurse-led discharge as the change in the organization. The matron even started to believe her and accepted to act in ways t hat supported her new direction as we saw the matrons accepting to take part in the initiatives. Burns also allowed people enough time to transition as required by this model and this is why she was ready to wait and bring everyone on board. She even explained to them the benefits they will have thus accepting the change. The last stage is the refreeze where change is already taking shape and people have embraced the new ways of working, Burns was ready to refreeze. What lessons and pitfalls are highlighted by the approach to change management at King Edgar Hospital NHS Trust? How would you do things differently? Discuss. The lessons learned from this approach is that change is possible so long as there as a good will and a person who willingly agrees to take the lead. As we saw here, Burns was ready and had a willing heart and put herself into the position of patients to help them solve the problems they were facing. Also we see that even despite have no external resources Burns was able to bring people together and worked as team to realized great achievement (Cummings, Bridgman and Brown 2016). We saw starting very well by first telling people why there was a need for the change and explained in details her plans and got immense support from almost everyone despite few resistance. Thus we learn from that one needs to be objective and have self-efficacy that something can at least be done to change the situations as Burns did in this case. Delegation of duty and giving full authority is also a lesson learned as we saw both Green and Burns working very well after they had assumed their duties. The pi tfalls that I have acknowledged is that a leader should not be annoyed as we sometimes saw Burns when some people were opposed to her initiatives. There is always a need to understand everyone and bring them on board (Cameron. and Green 2015). If I were in Burns position, I would always appreciate my critiques and take their negative views as opportunities and use them to even make the change look more appealing. References Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015. Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Cummings, S., Bridgman, T. and Brown, K.G., 2016. Unfreezing change as three steps: Rethinking Kurt Lewins legacy for change management. human relations, 69(1), pp.33-60. Doppelt, B., 2017. Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for business, government and civil society. Routledge. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hayes, J., 2014. The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hornstein, H.A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp.291-298.

Operating System Comparison free essay sample

This paper will discuss three main operating systems, Windows, Linux, and OS X. All three of these operating systems have features which are unique unto themselves. Although there may be arguments as to which one of these three operating systems is better it really all comes down to what features are needed for each user. This paper will describe the features that each of these operating systems has to offer. First, Microsoft Windows. Microsoft began its dominance in the early 80s by developing DOS also known as disk operating system. This is the first operating system made for a PC. Then came Windows 9X which was later called Windows 95. Then it had its predecessors of Windows 98, millennium edition, and Windows 2000. When Windows 95 came out Microsoft became the leader in operating systems. By 1998 Windows held 82% of the market shares in operating systems (Windows 9x,  n. d. ). What made Windows unique at this time was that it introduced the graphical user interface or GUI was a giant leap forward in how users would perceive their desktop experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Operating System Comparison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As PCs became more popular it became necessary to refine features of the operating system. Concerns about security, networking, and the use of various peripheral devices as well as various programs had to be user-friendly. It was not until Windows XP was released that it was finally very user-friendly to add or remove hardware or to have a higher level of capacity to run various programs on the machine. And then release of Windows XP Microsoft greatly improve the performance, extensibility, portability, and probably one of the biggest ones reliability. It came at a time when consumers were getting tired of the slower and less reliable operating systems that Microsoft had been releasing prior to Windows XP. Second, Linux. Unlike the Microsoft operating system whose code was securely guarded and never released for the public to see, Linux was free source code. This allows any user to peek into the deep inner workings of his or her operating system. This was a great advantage because minds from all over the world are now able to not only see the source code and to improve upon it and make changes to meet the many varying needs of each individual user. Originally called MINIX it was originally designed to run on the Intel 8086 microprocessors (10 Linux Features Windows Should Have By Default,  2012). One thing about LINUX is that it has been able to keep up with changing market of technology ever since its inception. And those commanded the following because flexibility to keep up with the changing times and stay ahead of other companies to be compatible with new technologies. What most users probably dont know are the features that LINUX has over Microsoft windows. With LINUX multiple users can be logged in at the same time. With Windows you have to switch users in order to be logged in. Another thing that helps LINUX to stay ahead is the predictability of updates. Users never know when Microsoft is going to have an update for any part of their systems. Linux users however can mark it on the calendar when their next updates are going to be available. Another thing that Microsoft likes to do is to make the consumer pay more money for different versions of their product and for the additional programs that a user generally needs in order to have a fully functioning system. Right out-of-the-box Linux comes with a full software package that its users immediately benefit from without ever having to pay anymore for it. About the only thing that Microsoft includes with its operating system is a web browser and media player. Usually even those programs need to be updated by the time you install the operating system. These are just a couple of the features that Linux has to offer, however, Microsoft could take a lesson and look at these features and try to incorporate them within their own operating system. Finally, Mac OSx. Mac had a slow beginning. One thing about it that has not changed, however, is that it is generally more expensive to purchase a Mac system than it is a Windows system. Despite this Mac has continued to gain popularity in the market. Its programs have proved to be more stable than Windows, as a result of this hardware for the systems generally last longer as well. This is due to the fact that Mac systems have more features that monitor and regulate the activities, temperatures, and functions that can wear a system down faster. Mac computers also become known for their vivid aqua screen. Because of this many graphic designers, special effects editors, and even musicians have switched to using Mac computers. Even despite their price, which to this day remains higher than the competition, Mac still shares a steady part of the market and its popularity continues to grow. One of the biggest things that has kept Apple very competitive in the market is their version of the tablet. They have also developed the iPhone and the iPod. Apple was the first to not only create these devices but also they made these devices work with each other in a way that no other company has done with any of their devices before. Three operating systems discuss in this paper each have their advantages and disadvantages from one another. The biggest advantage for Microsoft is the widespread use and compatibility with most every type of program out there. If youre a Linux fan then you appreciate not only the price which is usually free but also that it is open source software that if you have any programming ability you can make changes to it and improve your own experience and share with others. And Apple has some of the best programs for graphic designers and special effects. They also have their interoperable technology that makes it easy to share devices and view photos, music, and documents all in one centralized location on every device. In the end though it is still up to each individual user to assess their needs, their budget, and their preferences as to which operating system they choose to run on the computer.